Side Notes: The Human Element in High-Tech Facilities

In the debut episode of Side Notes, a bite-sized version of Side of Design, host Matt Gerstner sits down with Nate Roisen, BWBR’s Science + Technology Practice Leader, to explore the evolving world of design and innovation in the market. In just under 15 minutes, they cover what excites Nate about the current landscape, the biggest challenges clients face, and what makes designing in this field so rewarding.

Bringing Innovation to Life

Nate opens the conversation with a look at the long-term nature of science and technology projects, emphasizing the satisfaction that comes from seeing work finally come to life after years of planning and design—one of those being the in-progress North Dakota State Lab.

“There’s design effort, there’s cost, there’s construction,” Nate says. “We have some great projects that are going to be occupied at the end of this year and that’s something that’s really exciting at this point.”

As Nate and the team watch designs come to life, valuable lessons learned come to fruition through conversations with clients and post-occupancy findings.

“Unlike some other professions, we have the privilege of actually having a physical thing in the world that is the sum of our work, and we rarely get the opportunity to sit back and appreciate that,” he says. “But this coming year is going for us to really celebrate some of those accomplishments over the last five years.”

Designing for People in Precision-Driven Places

The work of creating complex products, like computer chips and medical devices, requires highly skilled teams. Between workforce shortages and competition between companies to hire the best and brightest talent, designing environments where people want to work is critical.

Addressing the technical aspects is important—as Nate explains, meeting building codes, square footage needs, and equipment requirements are all crucial elements. “But does a person actually want to work in there, and is the room set up in such a way that when a person is spending eight or ten hours a day for years and years in that room, they’re giving their best all the time?” Nate asks.

From relaxing break rooms to access to daylight in office areas, and even high-quality HVAC systems that provide good airflow and comfortable temperatures, small upgrades can make a big difference in employee wellbeing.

“It’s easy to forget just how important that is when you’re not the one experiencing a room that might feel a little bit more like a cave,” he says. “It’s fun to be able to bring that elevated experience to different project types where the people might be used to working in something that’s a lot less human scale.”

Solving the Puzzle of Design

Despite disliking actual puzzles, Nate loves the “puzzle” of designing complex science and tech spaces. Requirements for workflows, building codes, regulators, and clients can feel like impossible pieces to fit in one space—yet Nate says, “it’s really fun to put them together.”

Close collaboration with client stakeholders and scientists who manufacture the products helps to untangle the pieces, creating the best possible result. “Our experience complements each other—they know computer chips, but we know buildings. When we work together, we can make a really great building for assembling computer chips,” says Nate.

The unique intricacy and ever-evolving nature of science and technology keeps the work exciting for Nate, project after project. “The puzzle of putting a building together and figuring out how it works on the site and how it functions with material and people moving through it in ways that make sense is a challenge that never gets old,” he says.

Beyond the Façade

Nate shares a story of seeing a project he worked on while with his dad—the backside of “a kind of nondescript building” as he describes it. “He looked at it and he went ‘oh’, and the thing that I could tell was going through his head was like was like how much money did this guy spend on architecture school?”

The story encapsulates exactly what Nate loves about these facilities. “They might have nondescript exterior sometimes, but you crack them open and there’s a lot going on in there that really creates an intellectual challenge,” he says. “When we can have our voice as part of the design, it’s just fun. It’s interesting if we can make it a little bit better.”

These buildings may not always catch the eye from the outside, but inside, world-changing work happens every day. And for designers like Nate and the BWBR team, the reward comes not just from solving technical challenges, but from knowing their work helps others do theirs even better.

Biosafety by Design: Addressing Demand for BSL-3 Laboratories

At BWBR, we know that designing for science means designing for safety. Nowhere is that more critical than in the creation, conversion, or addition of Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories. These highly specialized spaces allow researchers to study pathogens with respiratory transmission that pose serious health and contagion risks. But getting a lab to meet BSL-3 standards isn’t as simple as adding a few more airlocks. It requires deep knowledge in the science + tech market, a collaborative approach with construction and engineering partners, and a strong focus on risk mitigation.

High-Demand Environments

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed vulnerabilities in global research infrastructure, especially in the availability and condition of existing high-containment labs. As demand grows for new or upgraded BSL-3 and BSL-2+ facilities (labs that function as BSL-2 spaces but are designed to BSL-3 standards—allowing them to flex in the future if needed), organizations are turning to architecture firms to guide the transformation from standard lab to fully certified, operational BSL-3 environment.

These laboratories are designed in compliance with the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) guidelines—developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH)—as well as the NIH Design Requirements Manual. These guidelines provide the foundation for safe, efficient, and functional lab design, and we’ll explore the key takeaways to support risk mitigation, researcher safety, and overall well-being in BSL-3 environments.

Starting with Certification

BSL-3 labs must pass a comprehensive certification process before occupancy and undergo recertification every year. That’s why we design from day one with inspection criteria in mind—from HVAC specifications to sealant selections—to help prevent costly retrofits and delays.

The Importance of Site Selection

For new construction, site selection is a critical early phase. We evaluate not just space and logistics, but environmental factors such as prevailing winds, drainage, and isolation from high-traffic areas. Thoughtful site planning adds an additional layer of protection for the surrounding community, reducing the risk of pathogen escape and simplifying containment design.

A Layered Approach to Containment Design

BSL-3 labs require a layered containment strategy, combining both primary barriers (such as biosafety cabinets) and secondary architectural systems that support them.
Here’s what that means in practice:

  • Ventilation and Airflow: We work closely with engineers to design HVAC and plumbing systems that prevent cross-contamination and airflow in the wrong direction. These systems must be rigorously tested and recertified annually. Depending on project specifics, the exhaust air from BSL-3 labs may need to be HEPA filtered.
  • Physical Separation: BSL-3 labs must be segregated from public areas and low-containment spaces. This often means creating controlled-access zones, double-door vestibules, and airlocks that help maintain both security and environmental control.
  • Decontamination Readiness: From water treatment systems to materials and surfaces that can withstand fumigation, BSL-3 lab designs need to withstand both routine and emergency decontamination.

Critical Design Considerations

Every lab project brings unique needs and challenges, requiring customized design strategies, but here are some core features critical to BSL-3 spaces.

  • Hands-Free Handwashing Stations at strategic points, particularly near lab exits
  • Eyewash Stations positioned for immediate accessibility
  • Shower-out Capabilities add an additional layer of safety as staff leave the lab, particularly in high-risk facilities
  • Seamless, Sturdy Finishes on floors, walls, and ceilings for easy cleaning and chemical resistance
  • Furniture and Casework that are corrosion-resistant and easy to disinfect
  • Well-sealed, inoperable windows—no windows that can be opened and thus impact HVAC flows
  • Adequate Lighting that minimizes glare and supports focused scientific work
  • Flexible Decontamination Zones, enabling full-room sterilization as needed
  • Redundancy and Resiliency Planning for back-up ventilation and fail-safe operations

Our Role as Architectural Partners

As a team of designers who specialize in complex science and technology facilities, we bring together design innovation, deep regulatory knowledge, and strong collaboration with engineering and user teams to deliver safe, compliant, and future-ready labs.

Whether an organization is expanding academic research programs or upgrading public health capacity, BWBR is a partner in safe, smart lab design.